If you want to work legally in the UK or run a business as a self-employed person, you will need to obtain a National Insurance Number (NIN). This number not only affects your ability to work, but also the amount of tax deducted, your eligibility for benefits and reliefs, and your pension calculations. So what exactly is a NIN and how do you get one?
What is a National Insurance Number (NIN)?
The National Insurance Number, abbreviated NIN or NINO, is a unique social security number. It is also used as a reference number when communicating with the Department of Work and Pensions (DWP).
This number is always unique, issued once and for life. It consists of nine characters: 2 letters, 6 digits, and 1 letter (e.g., XY 123456 Z).
When do you need to apply for a NIN?
Everyone who wants to work in the UK must have a National Insurance Number. To get one, you need to meet a number of conditions:
- Live in the UK,
- Have the right to work in the UK (receiving a NINO does not automatically give you this right),
- Working or looking for work.
It’s important to note that NIN is not just necessary for employment. It also has a significant impact on taxes and National Insurance contributions, ensuring that they are correctly deducted. A NIN may also entitle you to certain benefits.
Working before getting a NIN – is it possible?
It is possible to start working before you receive your National Insurance number. However, you must be able to prove that you have the right to work in the UK.
Without a NIN, and therefore without a UK employment history, the Inland Revenue will assign you an emergency tax code. This code is usually much higher and can be up to 50% of your salary.
You have the right to work using the Emergency Tax Code. However, once you receive your NIN, you should immediately inform your employer and apply for a refund of any overpaid tax.
How do I get a National Insurance Number in the UK?
To get a NIN you will need the following documents:
- Passport or ID card,
- Biometric Residence Permit (BRP),
- Permission to work in the UK,
- Proof of address,
- A letter from your employer with your personal details.
There is no application fee – getting a National Insurance Number is free. It usually takes 6-8 weeks to receive your NIN.
